Background and Objective: Use of extremely low frequency MAGNETIC FIELD) ELF- (MF) (has been reported in increasing blood sugar, cholesterol, triglyceride and reduction of withdrawal syndrome signs of morphine. Since pain is one of the main considerations and usually analgesic drugs are not very useful and have side effects, therefore, the present project was carried out using formalin test to evaluate the effect of ELF-(MF).Materials and Methods: A randomized experimental study was done on test and control groups of mice.32 male BALB/c mice (mean of weight=30 g) were divided into 4 groups (n=8).3 groups of animals exposed to ELF-(MF) for one week 30 min daily with 25, 50, and 75 HZ and an intensity of 250 mT. Formalin 10% was injected i.p. to animals. The responses to formalin were observed for 60 min. Pain scores for the first 5 min (acute pain) and 16-60 min (chronic pain) every 15 s were recorded and compared to control group.Results: In acute phase, the signs significantly reduced by 3 frequencies, i.e., for 25 and 50HZ (p<0.001) and for 75 HZ (p<0.05). In chronic pain, the signs significantly reduced for 25 and 50 HZ (p<0.05). However 50 HZ frequency was the most effective frequency.Conclusion: The findings showed that ELF-(MF) is effective in formalin induced pain and could be helpful in reduction of pain in general.

In this paper, a local MAGNETIC FIELD was designed and simulated using a Helmholtz coil along with a ferroMAGNETIC core with an appropriate geometric Structure to concentrate a MAGNETIC flux. This FIELD can be used for MAGNETIC guiding of Boron-borne drugs in BNCT.

Performances of electronic and mechanical draft control systems on a (MF)399 tractor were the objectives of the study to be evaluated and compared under FIELD conditions. Hence, the effects of two draft control systems (mechanical and electronic) under four ground speed levels and three set values of draft levels on rear wheel slippage, fuel consumption, compressive force within the top link and tillage depth in a sandy loam soil were assessed by conducting an experiment of a randomized complete block design. Results obtained from the statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant decrease in mean values of slippage as well as in fuel consumption when the system equipped with electronic control as compared with the mechanical one. It was found that the compressive force within the top link as well as mean depth value were significantly lower with the electronic control system resulting in a decrease in wheel slip as well as in fuel consumption. The results also revealed that fuel consumption decreased with increasing ground speed and decreasing the set values of draft. The mean value of slippage in electronic control system for all the treatments was recorded less than 20%, while with the mechanical system it reached level as high as 39%.

Research study presents an experimental investigation on forced convection heat transfer of an aqueous ferro-fluid flow passing through a circular copper tube in the presence of an alternating MAGNETIC FIELD. The flow passes through the tube under a uniform heat flux and laminar flow conditions. The primary objective was to intensify the particle migration and disturbance of the boundary layer by utilizing the MAGNETIC FIELD effect on the nanoparticles for more heat transfer enhancement. Complicated convection regimes caused by interactions between MAGNETIC nanoparticles under various conditions were studied. The process of heat transfer was examined with different volume concentrations and under different frequencies of the applied MAGNETIC FIELD in detail. The convective heat transfer coefficient for distilled water and ferro-fluid was measured and compared under various conditions. The results showed that applying an alternating MAGNETIC FIELD can enhance the convective heat transfer rate. The effects of MAGNETIC FIELD, volume concentration and Reynolds number on the convective heat transfer coefficient were widely investigated, and the optimum conditions were obtained. Increasing the alternating MAGNETIC FIELD frequency and the volume fraction led to better heat transfer enhancement. The effect of the MAGNETIC FIELD in low Reynolds numbers was higher, and a maximum of 27.6% enhancement in the convection heat transfer was observed.

Background and Objective: Radiotherapy in one of the mainmethods of tumor treatment and control. Today, the integratedradiation therapy-MRI systems have been developed. The MAGNETICFIELDs of imaging systems can have effects on dose distribution intarget volume. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigatethe effect of MAGNETIC FIELDs on dose distribution in radiationtherapy. Materials and Methods: This is a review article which was donethrough searching the google scholar and PubMed data bases byexpressions: radiation therapy and MAGNETIC FIELD photon therapyand MAGNETIC FIELD, electron therapy and MAGNETIC FIELD, protontherapy and MAGNETIC FIELD. Related research papers were sortedand their results were summarized. Results: MAGNETIC FIELDs can change the path of charged particlesin the medium can enforce the primary charged particles, secondaryelectrons and positrons to experience a spiral path, if appliedperpendicular to beam axes which leads to produce a peak dose. Longitudinal MAGNETIC FIELD decreases the penumbra and lateraldeflection of electrons. Conclusion: MAGNETIC FIELDs influence the dose distribution inradiotherapy and modification of treatment plan is essential whenapplying integrated MRI-radiation therapy systems. Also, applyingan intensity controlled transverse MAGNETIC FIELD can be aninexpensive approach to adjusting the maximum dose of chargedparticles in tumor volume while protecting normal tissues.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Some ill or premature neonates require special care nursery and maintenance of environmental conditions through incubator. Incubator electric system exposes the premature infants to electroMAGNETIC radiation. Given the fact that MAGNETIC radiation is one of the causative agents of leukemia in children, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the intensity of the MAGNETIC FIELD generated by incubators.METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we measured the intensity of MAGNETIC FIELD produced by 17 incubators utilized in our neonatal intensive care units (NICU), using a teslameter. In each of the incubators, five points were determined to measure the intensity of the MAGNETIC FIELD. Measurements were performed twice (during two weeks between 10 and 12 am), in both horizontal and vertical directions.FINDINGS: The mean intensity of the MAGNETIC FIELD measured at all points inside the incubators was 0.2±0.03 mT. The intensity of MAGNETIC FIELD at a point inside the incubators (0.27±0.03 mT), measured in both horizontal and vertical directions, was significantly different from a point outside the incubators (p<0.04).CONCLUSION: At some points inside the incubators, the intensity of MAGNETIC FIELD increases by switching the heater on. Hence, minimizing the length of neonatal incubation period is recommended.

Magnetotherapy is a complementary therapeutic approach. It acts by applying the MAGNETIC FIELD and facilitates the improvement of the process. Infertility is one of the major clinical problems that affects about 10-15% of the world's population. Infertility in men accounts for about 40 to 50 percent. Sperm stimulation is one of the important parameters in male fertility. The aim of this study was to maintain the sperm motility using a moderate intensity of static MAGNETIC FIELD. Materials and Methods: After initial studies, 90 male samples with normal sperm specimens were collected. Each sample was divided into two parts, one specimen under the intensity of the MAGNETIC FIELD and one sample outside the MAGNETIC range and both inside the incubator at1, 3 and 5 h intervals in the center of the static MAGNETIC FIELD. The total sperm motility was determined by Casa software. Data was analyzed using SPSS software (version 16) and t-test. Conclusion: Static MAGNETIC FIELD can affect human sperm motility. The results of this experiment showed that the MAGNETIC FIELD, after 5 hours, could keep the sperm from moving outside the FIELD.